What is an acute lung injury?

It is probably not going to come as a surprise to learn that an acute lung injury is a serious injury to the lungs. In most cases it is the result of a disease that affects some other part of the body. What usually happens is that this disease causes the lungs to become inflamed and for fluid to buildup in them. When this happens it will be very difficult for the patient to breathe.

Strictly speaking the medical definition of an acute lung injury involves a measurement of how much oxygen there is in the blood and the volume of the lungs under a certain pressure. From the perspective of the patient it is an injury to the lungs that makes breathing difficult. This injury can be a direct injury to the lungs or it can be the result of a problem somewhere else. In most cases there will be build up of fluid in the lungs which is what makes breathing difficult.

Obviously since we are taking about a medical problem that makes breathing difficult it will be necessary to seek medical assistance. In most cases it will be an emergency requiring that you seek help right away. The normal treatment for an acute lung injury is to give the patient oxygen and to fix whatever is causing the problem. How you are given oxygen will vary depending on how serious the problem is. In some cases the patient will make a full recovery from the injury but it is far more likely that there will be some reduction in lung function or an increased risk of future problems.

The risk of an acute lung injury is not all that serious as it is a fairly uncommon condition, nevertheless the risk does exist so you should be aware of the most likely causes. Any inflammation can cause an acute lung injury with sepsis being the most likely. Another cause is blood transfusions; this can cause a release of antibodies that leads to a buildup of fluids in the lungs. About one in every five thousand transfusions will lead to an acute lung injury so it is not all that common but there is a very real risk.

At the current time the treatments for acute lung injury tend to be hit or miss, some people will be just fine and others will die as a result. It is not clear why this is but there seems to be a genetic factor at play. There is currently a lot of research going into the field but so far the results have been limited. The best that can be said right now is that it appears that the earlier the condition is diagnosed and treated the better the outcome is likely to be. Given that this is true of almost all medical conditions it is hardly earth shattering.